{"id":800,"date":"2020-01-06T12:07:25","date_gmt":"2020-01-06T02:07:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dying-and-death-reflections.com\/?page_id=800"},"modified":"2020-01-06T12:19:15","modified_gmt":"2020-01-06T02:19:15","slug":"stages-of-faith-development","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dying-and-death-reflections.com\/index.php\/stages-of-faith-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Stages of Faith Development"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In a book entitled <em>Stages of Faith<\/em> (1981), James W.\nFowler describes a theory of seven stages that people go through as their faith\ndevelops. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The insights in this theory can be applied both to those in traditional\nfaiths, and also to those who follow other spiritualities or hold secular\nworldviews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(In another book, <em>A Different Drum<\/em> [1987], M. Scott Peck presents a simplified version that focuses only on the four most common stages.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Through an understanding of the stages of faith development, one can become more inclusive of others, rather than maintaining a non-acceptance of others\u2019 beliefs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Important to realize is that a person categorized in one of\nthe less developed stages is not, in any way, less of a person than one characterized\nby a more developed stage. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A description of the stages follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Undifferentiated\n     Faith <\/strong>(0-2 years)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Stage 0&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Primal\nor Undifferentiated&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;faith (birth to 2 years), is characterized\nby an early learning of the safety of their environment (i.e. warm, safe and\nsecure vs. hurt, neglect and abuse). If consistent nurture is experienced, one\nwill develop a sense of trust and safety about the universe and the divine.\nConversely, negative experiences will cause one to develop distrust with the\nuniverse and the divine. Transition to the next stage begins with integration\nof thought and language which facilitates the use of symbols in speech and\nplay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Intuitive-Projective\n     Faith<\/strong> (3-7 years)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Stage 1&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Intuitive-Projective&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;faith\n(ages of three to seven), is characterized by the psyche&#8217;s unprotected exposure\nto the&nbsp;Unconscious, and marked by a relative fluidity of thought\npatterns.&nbsp;Religion is learned mainly through experiences, stories, images,\nand the people that one comes in contact with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Mythic-Literal\n     Faith <\/strong>(7-12 years)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Stage 2&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Mythic-Literal&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;faith\n(mostly in school children), stage two persons have a strong belief in\nthe&nbsp;justice&nbsp;and reciprocity of the universe, and\ntheir&nbsp;deities&nbsp;are almost always&nbsp;anthropomorphic. During this\ntime,&nbsp;metaphors&nbsp;and&nbsp;symbolic language&nbsp;are often misunderstood\nand are taken literally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Synthetic-Conventional\n     Faith <\/strong>(12+ years)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Stage 3&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Synthetic-Conventional&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;faith\n(arising in adolescence; aged 12 to adulthood) characterized\nby&nbsp;conformity&nbsp;to authority and the religious development of a\npersonal identity. Any conflicts with one&#8217;s beliefs are ignored at this stage\ndue to the fear of threat from inconsistencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Individuative-Reflective\n     Faith<\/strong> (21+ years?)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Stage 4&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Individuative-Reflective&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;faith\n(usually mid-twenties to late thirties) a stage of&nbsp;<em>angst<\/em>&nbsp;and struggle.\nThe individual takes personal responsibility for his or\nher&nbsp;beliefs&nbsp;and&nbsp;feelings. As one is able to reflect on one&#8217;s own\nbeliefs, there is an openness to a new complexity of faith, but this also\nincreases the awareness of conflicts in one&#8217;s belief.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Conjunctive Faith<\/strong> (35+ years)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Stage\n5&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Conjunctive&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;faith (mid-life crisis)\nacknowledges paradox and&nbsp;transcendence&nbsp;in relating to reality behind\nthe symbols of inherited systems. The individual resolves conflicts from\nprevious stages by a complex understanding of a multidimensional,\ninterdependent &#8220;truth&#8221; that cannot be explained by any particular\nstatement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Universalizing Faith <\/strong>(45+ years)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Stage 6&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Universalizing&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;faith,\nor what some might call &#8220;enlightenment&#8221;. The individual would treat\nany person with compassion as he or she views people as from a universal\ncommunity, and should be treated with universal principles of love and justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>James W. Fowler<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>James W. Fowler III (October 12, 1940 \u2013 October 16, 2015)\nwas an American theologian who was Professor of Theology and Human Development\nat Emory University. He was director of both the Center for Research on Faith\nand Moral Development and the Center for Ethics until he retired in 2005. He\nwas a minister in the United Methodist Church.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>James W. Fowler III is best known for his book <em>Stages of\nFaith<\/em>, published in 1981, in which he sought to develop the idea of a\ndevelopmental process in &#8220;human faith&#8221;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These stages of faith development were along the lines of\nJean Piaget&#8217;s theory of cognitive development and Lawrence Kohlberg&#8217;s stages of\nmoral development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Fowler: <em>Belief<\/em> is assenting intellectually to propositions\nand\/or concepts, as set forth in religious doctrines and creeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Faith<\/em> is a quality of the person, not of the system; it\nis an orientation of the whole person giving purpose and goals to one\u2019s hopes\nand strivings, as well as thoughts and actions. Beliefs tend to divide; faith\ntends more to what unites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sources<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_W._Fowler\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_W._Fowler<\/a> (The description of the\nstages was adapted from this source.)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/usefulcharts.com\/\">https:\/\/usefulcharts.com\/<\/a> &nbsp;(\u201cJames W. Fowler&#8217;s Stages of Faith\u201d. UsefulCharts.com: 2012. A useful chart showing Fowler&#8217;s Stages of Faith.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For a PDF file of the above text, please click <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"here (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/dying-and-death-reflections.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Stages-of-Faith-Development.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"http:\/\/dying-and-death-reflections.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG_9762-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Stages of Faith Development - James W. Fowler\" class=\"wp-image-708\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dying-and-death-reflections.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG_9762-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dying-and-death-reflections.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG_9762-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dying-and-death-reflections.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG_9762-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dying-and-death-reflections.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG_9762-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dying-and-death-reflections.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/IMG_9762-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><br><strong>Reflection:   <br>Through an understanding of the stages of faith development, we can become more inclusive of others, rather than maintaining a non-acceptance of others\u2019 beliefs. <br>Also, a person categorized in one of the less developed stages is not, in any way, less of a person than one characterized by a more developed stage.<\/strong>  <br>(Alexander 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